In a historic turn of events on September 15, 1821, Central America witnessed the dawn of a new era as prominent Central American leaders embraced a plan devised by the Mexican military leader Agustín de Iturbide. This momentous decision ushered in independence from Spanish colonial rule for five Central American nations: Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua.
For centuries, these regions had been under the oppressive dominion of the Spanish crown. However, the early 19th century saw the emergence of a fervent desire for autonomy and self-governance, fueled by Enlightenment ideals that were sweeping across the world.
Iturbide’s plan, known as the Plan of Iguala, presented a compelling vision—a united Mexico under a constitutional monarchy. Central American elites recognized the opportunity it offered for liberation from Spanish rule and seized it with both hands. On that fateful day in 1821, they collectively proclaimed their independence, signaling the end of centuries of colonial subjugation.
The consequences of this decision were profound. While it marked the end of Spanish colonial rule, it also set in motion numerous political shifts and challenges. Central America soon became part of the Mexican Empire under Emperor Agustín I, before ultimately dissolving the union and forming the Federal Republic of Central America in 1823.
This declaration of independence in 1821 remains a defining moment in Central American history, commemorated annually on September 15th as Independence Day in these nations. It serves as a testament to the enduring spirit of self-determination and the courageous actions of those who paved the way for a brighter future in Central America.
